Place of publication is required for books, not periodicals.
The place of publication is the "name of the city where the publisher is located." The place can be found on the title page or verso of the title page. Use the first city listed or the city where the publisher's headquarters is located.
Follow the city name with two-letter abbreviation for the state.
Example:
Chicago, IL:
San Antonio, TX:
Washington, DC:
Follow city names from other countries with the name of the country.
Example:
London, England:
Frankfurt, Germany:
Levuka, Fiji:
Treat each occurrence of a city the same in the reference list.
USPS two-letter state abbreviations for publisher designation. When citing countries outside the U.S., spell out the city and country name (i.e. London, England).